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汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式(shi)(shi)一般有以下幾種(zhong)：前置(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(FR)、前置(zhi)(zhi)前驅(qu)(qu)(FF)、后置(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(RR)、中置(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)(MR)、四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。所謂驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)指發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi)(shi)及驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的數量、位置(zhi)(zhi)的形式(shi)(shi)。國內外(wai)大多(duo)(duo)數貨車(che)(che)(che)(含皮卡)、部分(fen)轎車(che)(che)(che)(尤其是(shi)(shi)高(gao)級轎車(che)(che)(che))和部分(fen)客車(che)(che)(che)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)前置(zhi)(zhi)后驅(qu)(qu)的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)，但(dan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該(gai)(gai)型(xing)式(shi)(shi)的小型(xing)車(che)(che)(che)很(hen)少。所謂全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，又稱四輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，是(shi)(shi)指汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)前后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)都有動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)。一般用(yong)(yong)4X4或4WD來表示(shi)，如(ru)果你看(kan)見一輛車(che)(che)(che)上標(biao)有上述字樣(yang)，那就表示(shi)該(gai)(gai)車(che)(che)(che)輛擁(yong)有4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的功能。這種(zhong)總(zong)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)形式(shi)(shi)，由(you)于(yu)全(quan)部車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)都是(shi)(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)了汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的全(quan)部附著質量，因此汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有較(jiao)大的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)和克服障礙(ai)、防(fang)止打滑的能力(li)(li)。所以，越(yue)野汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)一般都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這種(zhong)總(zong)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)形式(shi)(shi)。而且，由(you)于(yu)全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有較(jiao)大的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)，加(jia)速性好，20世紀(ji)80年代以來一些轎車(che)(che)(che)和旅行轎車(che)(che)(che)也紛紛采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，成為(wei)所謂的“多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)途運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)（SUV）”，受(shou)到不少美(mei)國年輕人(ren)的喜愛(ai)，形成了'4WD'熱潮。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)，全(quan)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的結構(gou)復雜(za)，成本(ben)高(gao)，在好路上行駛時燃料消耗大，輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎和機(ji)件的磨損(sun)大。

牽(qian)引(yin)力(li)(li)小一直以來都(dou)是后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)問題所在(zai)(zai)，因為后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)所承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)負荷比較少，但是現(xian)在(zai)(zai)驅(qu)動(dong)輪(lun)(lun)圖冊的(de)(de)(de)電子(zi)設(she)備使得這個(ge)(ge)有了改變。牽(qian)引(yin)力(li)(li)控制力(li)(li)系統(tong)和車(che)身穩定電子(zi)系統(tong)可以讓后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)汽車(che)在(zai)(zai)濕滑的(de)(de)(de)路面(mian)上達到和前輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)汽車(che)一樣的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能。改進的(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)(lun)胎設(she)計技術也可以改善后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)這個(ge)(ge)缺陷。盡管后(hou)驅(qu)車(che)減少了室(shi)內成員空間并增加了機(ji)械方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，但是對于我來說(shuo)(shuo)，我仍然是比較喜歡后(hou)驅(qu)車(che)。我想我可能只是喜歡汽車(che)在(zai)(zai)轉彎時的(de)(de)(de)那種(zhong)駕駛的(de)(de)(de)感覺，但是我認識的(de)(de)(de)其他的(de)(de)(de)司機(ji)同志好像并不是很贊同我的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)法。

所以到(dao)底是那(nei)(nei)(nei)一種(zhong)驅動(dong)方式好那(nei)(nei)(nei)？全輪驅動(dong)怎么樣(yang)！？保時捷在卡(ka)雷拉(la)(Carrera)上用的(de)是全輪驅動(dong)，以此來(lai)提(ti)高它(ta)的(de)整體性能，富士(Subaru)車隊(dui)也已經靠全輪驅動(dong)的(de)汽車贏得了(le)(le)幾項世界拉(la)力(li)賽(sai)的(de)冠(guan)軍了(le)(le)。究竟那(nei)(nei)(nei)一種(zhong)驅動(dong)系(xi)好，這種(zhong)爭論仍在繼續，只要兩種(zhong)系(xi)統都有人使用，我想這種(zhong)爭論也許就將一直持(chi)續下(xia)去。

轎車(che)(che)AWD系(xi)統(tong)(tong)實際上是驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)力分配控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方式的四輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)，它利(li)用電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)和(he)各種不斷(duan)改進的傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)，不斷(duan)判斷(duan)輪(lun)(lun)胎對地 面的動(dong)(dong)態(tai)附著力和(he)司機(ji)的駕駛(shi)意圖，積極控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)差(cha)速(su)器(qi)(qi)的差(cha)動(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，平衡(heng)各輪(lun)(lun)的驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)力，優化汽(qi)車(che)(che)的各項性能(neng)。典(dian)型的轎車(che)(che)AWD系(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要由前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)單元、分動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)液(ye)壓裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等(deng)組成。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)原理，在(zai)前(qian)后(hou)輪(lun)(lun)之問布置(zhi)一個濕式多片(pian)離合器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)汽(qi)車(che)(che)行(xing)駛(shi)過程中，使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)腦(nao)(nao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)液(ye)壓系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的油壓，適應汽(qi)車(che)(che)的行(xing) 駛(shi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)將驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)扭矩分配到前(qian)后(hou)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)上去。