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汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)有(you)(you)以下(xia)幾種(zhong)：前(qian)(qian)置后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FR)、前(qian)(qian)置前(qian)(qian)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(FF)、后(hou)置后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(RR)、中置后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(MR)、四(si)(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。所(suo)謂(wei)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，是指發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)布置方(fang)式(shi)及驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪的(de)(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)、位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。國內(nei)外大多數貨車(che)(che)(che)(含皮卡)、部分(fen)轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)(尤其是轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)(che))和部分(fen)客車(che)(che)(che)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)(qian)置后(hou)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)型式(shi)，但(dan)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)該型式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小型車(che)(che)(che)很(hen)少(shao)。所(suo)謂(wei)全輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，又稱四(si)(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，是指汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)輪都有(you)(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)用(yong)(yong)4X4或(huo)4WD來表示，如果(guo)你看見一(yi)輛(liang)車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)標有(you)(you)上(shang)述(shu)字(zi)樣，那就(jiu)表示該車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)擁有(you)(you)4輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)總布置形(xing)(xing)式(shi)，由于(yu)全部車(che)(che)(che)輪都是驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪，充分(fen)利用(yong)(yong)了(le)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部附(fu)著質(zhi)量(liang)，因此(ci)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)和克服障(zhang)礙(ai)、防止(zhi)打滑的(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)(li)(li)。所(suo)以，越野汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)都采(cai)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)總布置形(xing)(xing)式(shi)。而且，由于(yu)全輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)，加速性好(hao)，20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代以來一(yi)些轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)和旅(lv)行(xing)轎(jiao)(jiao)車(che)(che)(che)也紛(fen)紛(fen)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)全輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，成(cheng)為所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“多用(yong)(yong)途運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)（SUV）”，受(shou)到不(bu)少(shao)美國年(nian)(nian)輕人的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了(le)'4WD'熱潮。但(dan)是，全輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構復雜，成(cheng)本(ben)高，在好(hao)路上(shang)行(xing)駛時燃料消耗(hao)大，輪胎和機件的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨損大。

ESC、TCS系統(tong)通(tong)過控制(zhi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出和制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)來(lai)保證平穩駕(jia)駛，以損失動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力作為安全(quan)保證以防止(zhi)超越物理極限；AWD控制(zhi)并(bing)調整(zheng)每個車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)扭矩輸(shu)出，在(zai)不干涉發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力輸(shu)出的(de)(de)情況下提高(gao)了(le)物理極限，保證你(ni)全(quan)天(tian)候的(de)(de)駕(jia)駛樂趣。車(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式有FWD(Front-Wheel Drive）、RWD(Rear-Wheel Drive）、4WD(Four-Wheel Drive）和AWD(All-Wheel Drive）。我們先來(lai)看看這幾種驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)型式。前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（FWD）：今(jin)天(tian)占轎車(che)(che)產(chan)品的(de)(de)70%的(de)(de)經濟(ji)型及中(zhong)級轎車(che)(che)都采(cai)用了(le)前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。就像名(ming)字所暗示的(de)(de)，只有前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)傳遞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力。安裝在(zai)前(qian)部(bu)的(de)(de)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力直接傳輸(shu)到前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)，提高(gao)了(le)牽引效率(lv)，60%～70%的(de)(de)重量集中(zhong)在(zai)轎車(che)(che)前(qian)部(bu)，提供了(le)更好的(de)(de)冰雪穩定性，但前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)要承(cheng)受75%的(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而且在(zai)急加速時(shi)車(che)(che)身后移(yi)，就會造成(cheng)加速延遲，在(zai)操控上也存在(zai)著轉向過度和后輪(lun)(lun)打滑現象。

輪(lun)(lun)體、支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)軸(zhou)、軸(zhou)套(tao)、密封(feng)圈、端蓋等相關部件構成。支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)可分為(wei)單邊(bian)支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)與雙邊(bian)支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)；挖掘機(ji)用支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)與推土(tu)機(ji)用支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)，挖掘機(ji)用支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)一(yi)般是黑色油(you)漆，推土(tu)機(ji)支(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)輪(lun)(lun)一(yi)般是黃色油(you)漆

支重輪(lun)輪(lun)體材料一般50Mn、40Mn2、等(deng)材料，主要(yao)工藝鑄造或鍛造，機械加(jia)工，然后(hou)(hou)進行(xing)熱處理，輪(lun)子表面(mian)淬火后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)硬度要(yao)達到(dao)HRC45~52，以增加(jia)輪(lun)子表面(mian)的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)性。支重輪(lun)軸的(de)(de)加(jia)工精度要(yao)求比(bi)較高，一般是需要(yao)數控機床(chuang)進行(xing)加(jia)工才(cai)能(neng)達到(dao)要(yao)求。材料以40Mn2較多，加(jia)工后(hou)(hou)也要(yao)進行(xing)淬火熱處理，硬度達到(dao)HRC42左(zuo)右