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 概(gai)述目前(qian)，2轎車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置已經(jing)引(yin)進(jin)了電子(zi)計算機(ji)控制(zhi)系(xi)統，當前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)或后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)，車(che)(che)子(zi)隨時(shi)(shi)根(gen)據(ju)路面狀態的(de)(de)(de)反饋信息分配(pei)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力，變為4輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)又可以細分成4種(zhong)(zhong)驅動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)：全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和分時(shi)(shi)/適時(shi)(shi)混和驅動(dong)(dong)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)無論怎(zen)么樣，永(yong)遠(yuan)都保持(chi)四輪(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)，這種(zhong)(zhong)傳動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統都是(shi)(shi)不需要駕駛人選擇(ze)操(cao)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)。行(xing)駛的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)將發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)輸出扭矩按(an)50∶50 設定在前(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)上，使前(qian)后(hou)(hou)排車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)保持(chi)等(deng)量的(de)(de)(de)扭矩，遇到特(te)別(bie)路面的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)(jiu)可以自動(dong)(dong)將不同的(de)(de)(de)扭距分配(pei)到各(ge)個輪(lun)(lun)子(zi)上面。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統具有(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)駕駛操(cao)控性和行(xing)駛循跡(ji)性，不過(guo)缺點(dian)也是(shi)(shi)很明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)，那就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)廢油，經(jing)濟性不夠(gou)好，而且車(che)(che)輛沒有(you)(you)任何裝(zhuang)置來控制(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)轉速的(de)(de)(de)差(cha)異，一(yi)旦一(yi)個輪(lun)(lun)胎(tai)離開(kai)地面就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)可能讓你無法(fa)前(qian)進(jin)。

適(shi)(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)介乎(hu)全時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)之間，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式由電腦(nao)(nao)(nao)安(an)排(pai)，操縱(zong)非(fei)常(chang)簡單。采(cai)用這種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)時(shi)根據電腦(nao)(nao)(nao)來控制并且選(xuan)擇適(shi)(shi)合(he)當下情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式。在(zai)正(zheng)常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)路面上車輛(liang)一般(ban)會(hui)采(cai)用后輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式，而(er)一旦遇到路面不良或驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)打滑的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，電腦(nao)(nao)(nao)就(jiu)會(hui)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)檢測并立(li)即(ji)將發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機輸出(chu)扭(niu)矩分配給前排(pai)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個車輪(lun)，自然切換到四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)狀態，從(cong)而(er)免除了駕駛人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)判斷和手動(dong)(dong)(dong)操作，應用更(geng)加簡單。不過以目前的(de)(de)(de)效果來看，電腦(nao)(nao)(nao)比起人(ren)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)速度還是慢(man)(man)了很多(duo)，也就(jiu)是說住(zhu)往不能(neng)及時(shi)進(jin)行驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式的(de)(de)(de)切換，反應較慢(man)(man)。比如北京(jing)現代生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)途勝就(jiu)是采(cai)用適(shi)(shi)時(shi)四驅(qu)(qu)設計。

分(fen)動(dong)器的(de)功能是(shi)執行前后(hou)輪扭矩(ju)分(fen)配功能，在分(fen)動(dong)器中間布置(zhi)一個濕式(shi)多片離合器，該離合器右(you)端通過(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)軸驅(qu)動(dong)后(hou)輪，左(zuo)端通過(guo)鏈(lian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)驅(qu)動(dong)前輪。電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)單元(yuan)（ECU)ECU是(shi)AWD系統的(de)核心，其(qi)功用是(shi)根據(ju)制(zhi)定的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)方案，按(an)照編制(zhi)的(de)程序對各種傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感器輸入信號(hao)進行分(fen)析(xi)、計(ji)算(suan)、處理(li)，輸出(chu)一定的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)信號(hao)指令，驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥動(dong)作。AWD系統ECU主要(yao)由輸入信號(hao)調理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、微處理(li)器、輸出(chu)信號(hao)處理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等硬(ying)件部分(fen)以及控(kong)制(zhi)系統和控(kong)制(zhi)程序、軟(ruan)件平臺等軟(ruan)件部分(fen)組成。為保證控(kong)制(zhi)系統可靠地工作，電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)單元(yuan)還必須采取有(you)效的(de)抗干擾措施(shi)和故障自(zi)診斷處理(li)措施(shi)。