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汽車在(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)時(shi)，電腦利(li)用(yong)下述3種(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)不斷檢測汽車的行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)狀態，即4個車輪(lun)的轉速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、汽車的前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)左右(you)加速(su)度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、發(fa)動機轉速(su)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。此外(wai)，利(li)用(yong)轉向盤轉向角傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、油(you)門(men)踏板開度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)不斷地判斷司(si)機的駕駛(shi)意圖，按(an)(an)預先給定(ding)的程序(xu)進行(xing)(xing)綜合(he)控制(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)AWD系(xi)統中，向前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車輪(lun)的動力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)影響到汽車的行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)。如當汽車向前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)的分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比為(wei)0:100時(shi)，具有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)高的轉向性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)極(ji)限行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)，當驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比為(wei)50:50時(shi)，穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)得到提高，但轉向性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he) 極(ji)限行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)會下降(jiang)。在(zai)(zai)轉向性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)、穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和(he)極(ji)限行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)之間要獲得良(liang)好平衡，必須確(que)定(ding)優的前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)系(xi)數(shu)，理(li)想的分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)系(xi)數(shu)按(an)(an)照不同的路面(mian)有(you)所(suo)不同，在(zai)(zai)允許強力(li)(li)(li)(li)加速(su)的鋪(pu)裝路面(mian)上考慮(lv)到載荷(he)轉移(yi)，以向后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)較(jiao)(jiao)大驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)宜。但是，在(zai)(zai)打滑的路面(mian)，當向后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)較(jiao)(jiao)大驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)時(shi)，就會引起過(guo)度(du)轉向。有(you)資料認為(wei)，理(li)想的前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)比在(zai)(zai)3O ：70～50：50。目前(qian)，本田新一代Legend轎車的SH—AWD能(neng)(neng)使前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)驅(qu)(qu)動力(li)(li)(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)在(zai)(zai)70：30—30：70內(nei)連續變(bian)化。

分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)由駕駛(shi)(shi)員根據(ju)路(lu)面情況，選(xuan)(xuan)擇四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)兩(liang)(liang)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，這也是(shi)一般(ban)越野(ye)車(che)(che)或(huo)(huo)四(si)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)SUV 常(chang)見的驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)模(mo)式。分時(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)較(jiao)大的特點就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)人工操(cao)作(zuo)，由駕駛(shi)(shi)員根據(ju)路(lu)面情況通(tong)(tong)過接通(tong)(tong)或(huo)(huo)斷開分動(dong)器來(lai)變(bian)化兩(liang)(liang)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)或(huo)(huo)四(si)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)模(mo)式，較(jiao)大的優點就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)可(ke)以根據(ju)實際情況來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)模(mo)式，比(bi)較(jiao)經濟(ji)。就(jiu)(jiu)拿(na)普通(tong)(tong)的越野(ye)車(che)(che)而(er)言(yan)，一般(ban)都有三種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)模(mo)式可(ke)以選(xuan)(xuan)擇：在(zai)公路(lu)上行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)使用2H 高速兩(liang)(liang)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)檔，當遇到(dao)雨(yu)雪路(lu)況時(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇4H 高速驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)增(zeng)(zeng)強車(che)(che)輛(liang)的附(fu)著(zhu)力(li)和操(cao)控性(xing)，而(er)面對(dui)惡劣路(lu)況的挑戰時(shi)又可(ke)采(cai)用4L 低(di)速四(si)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)，使動(dong)力(li)作(zuo)用在(zai)全部四(si)個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)上，從而(er)降低(di)了(le)(le)對(dui)每(mei)個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)胎附(fu)著(zhu)力(li)的要求(qiu)，減小(xiao)了(le)(le)轉(zhuan)彎時(shi)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)空轉(zhuan)的幾率，發動(dong)機制動(dong)能力(li)也得以增(zeng)(zeng)強，極(ji)大地提高了(le)(le)車(che)(che)輛(liang)在(zai)崎嶇或(huo)(huo)光滑路(lu)面行(xing)駛(shi)(shi)時(shi)在(zai)油門突(tu)然關閉的情況下的可(ke)控性(xing)。優點是(shi)可(ke)根據(ju)實際情況來(lai)選(xuan)(xuan)取驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)模(mo)式，比(bi)較(jiao)經濟(ji)；缺點是(shi)其機械結(jie)構比(bi)較(jiao)復雜(za)，駕駛(shi)(shi)員要具有一定的經驗(yan)才(cai)能掌(zhang)握好(hao)切換時(shi)機。

分(fen)(fen)(fen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器的(de)(de)功能(neng)是執行前后輪扭矩分(fen)(fen)(fen)配(pei)功能(neng)，在分(fen)(fen)(fen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器中(zhong)間布置一個濕式多片離(li)合(he)器，該離(li)合(he)器右端通過(guo)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)軸驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)后輪，左端通過(guo)鏈傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)前輪。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控單元（ECU)ECU是AWD系(xi)(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)核心，其功用是根據制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方案，按照編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)程序(xu)對各(ge)種傳(chuan)感器輸(shu)(shu)入信號進行分(fen)(fen)(fen)析、計算(suan)、處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)，輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)一定的(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信號指令，驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥動(dong)(dong)(dong)作。AWD系(xi)(xi)(xi)統ECU主要(yao)由(you)輸(shu)(shu)入信號調理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、微處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)器、輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)信號處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路等硬件部分(fen)(fen)(fen)以(yi)及控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程序(xu)、軟件平臺等軟件部分(fen)(fen)(fen)組成。為保證控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統可靠地工作，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控單元還(huan)必須采取有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)抗干擾措施和故障(zhang)自診斷處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)措施。