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概述目前(qian)，2轎(jiao)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)裝置已經(jing)引進了電(dian)子計算(suan)機控制(zhi)系統(tong)，當前(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或(huo)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，車(che)(che)子隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據路面(mian)(mian)(mian)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)反饋(kui)信息分配前(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力，變為(wei)4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)。4輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)又可(ke)(ke)以細分成4種驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)：全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)（Full－Time）、分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)（Part-Time）、適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)（Real－Time）和(he)分時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)/適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)混和(he)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)。全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)（Full－Time） 全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)就(jiu)是無論怎么樣，永遠都保持(chi)四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)，這種傳動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)都是不(bu)需(xu)要駕駛(shi)(shi)人(ren)選擇操作的(de)(de)(de)。行駛(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)機輸(shu)出扭(niu)矩按50∶50 設(she)定在前(qian)后(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)上(shang)，使(shi)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)排(pai)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)保持(chi)等量的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)矩，遇到(dao)特(te)(te)別路面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以自(zi)動(dong)(dong)將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)距分配到(dao)各個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)子上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。全(quan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)駕駛(shi)(shi)操控性和(he)行駛(shi)(shi)循跡性，不(bu)過缺點(dian)也是很(hen)明顯的(de)(de)(de)，那就(jiu)是比較廢油，經(jing)濟性不(bu)夠好(hao)，而(er)且車(che)(che)輛沒有任何裝置來控制(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)轉速的(de)(de)(de)差異(yi)，一旦一個(ge)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)胎(tai)離開地面(mian)(mian)(mian)就(jiu)有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)讓你無法前(qian)進。

四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（4 Wheel Drive)主變速(su)(su)器通過一個(ge)輔助(zhu)變速(su)(su)器將(jiang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力傳送到前輪和(he)(he)后輪. 輔助(zhu)變速(su)(su)器通常有三檔選擇(ze)； 空(kong)檔，四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)低(di)檔。空(kong)檔時，四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)就變成了兩輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu) 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)適合于(yu)惡劣的(de)路面駕駛(shi)，例(li)如，雨雪(xue)天和(he)(he)多(duo)沙石路面。四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)低(di)檔則適合高難度的(de)越野駕駛(shi)。全(quan)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) (All Wheel Drive)全(quan)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)一種. 它自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將(jiang)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 機(ji)提供(gong)的(de) 扭矩分送到前輪和(he)(he)后輪，不(bu)需要手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)去調整，也沒有低(di)檔選擇(ze)。全(quan)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 減低(di)了車輪打滑的(de)程(cheng)度，改善了駕駛(shi)者的(de)控車能(neng)力。全(quan)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)通常是(shi)(shi)一種 正常路面駕駛(shi)系統，并(bing)不(bu)設(she)計用于(yu)越野駕駛(shi)。

轎(jiao)車(che)采(cai)用電(dian)控AWD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)與傳統(tong)兩輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)相比有(you)如下特(te)點：①由于(yu)現(xian)代轎(jiao)車(che)車(che)速越來越高，特(te)別在(zai)高速公(gong)路上行駛時由于(yu)風阻加大(da)。為限度地(di)傳遞驅(qu)動(dong)力(li)，采(cai)用AWD系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可充分利(li)用車(che)重來提高驅(qu)動(dong)力(li)。提高汽車(che)在(zai)各種(zhong)路面上行駛的動(dong)力(li)性。

②傳統(tong)前輪(lun)驅(qu)動轎車(che)(che)，在(zai)加(jia)速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎時(shi)會出(chu)現轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)不足現象，傳統(tong)后輪(lun)驅(qu)動轎車(che)(che)。在(zai)加(jia)速轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎時(shi)會出(chu)現轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)過度(du)的(de)傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)。而(er)裝有AWD系統(tong)的(de)轎車(che)(che)可(ke)根據汽車(che)(che)行駛狀態分配(pei)前后輪(lun)驅(qu)動力。極(ji)大(da)地改善汽車(che)(che)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)性能。

③轎(jiao)車AWD系統和全輪驅動(dong)(dong)專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)制動(dong)(dong)防抱(bao)死(si)系統（ABS）可使(shi)轎(jiao)車獲得制動(dong)(dong)力，限度地(di)利用(yong)路面和輪胎之間的(de)摩擦力。提高汽車的(de)制動(dong)(dong)性(xing)能。

④在越野和(he)泥濘路(lu)面及雨天和(he)雪(xue)天道路(lu)易滑的(de)情(qing)況下，AWD系統可防止車(che)輛打(da)滑，提高汽(qi)車(che)的(de)通過性。