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ESC、TCS系統通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)發動(dong)機動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)和(he)制(zhi)動(dong)系統來保證平穩駕駛，以(yi)(yi)損失動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)作為安全保證以(yi)(yi)防止超越(yue)物理極限(xian)；AWD控(kong)制(zhi)并調整(zheng)每個(ge)車輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)扭矩輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)，在(zai)不干涉(she)發動(dong)機動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)輸(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下提高(gao)了(le)物理極限(xian)，保證你(ni)全天候(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)駕駛樂(le)趣。車輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)有FWD(Front-Wheel Drive）、RWD(Rear-Wheel Drive）、4WD(Four-Wheel Drive）和(he)AWD(All-Wheel Drive）。我們先(xian)來看看這幾種驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)型(xing)(xing)式(shi)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)（FWD）：今天占轎車產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟型(xing)(xing)及中級轎車都采用了(le)前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)。就(jiu)像(xiang)名字所暗示的(de)(de)(de)(de)，只有前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳遞動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)。安裝(zhuang)在(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)發動(dong)機將(jiang)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)直接傳輸(shu)到前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)，提高(gao)了(le)牽(qian)引效率，60%～70%的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量集中在(zai)轎車前(qian)(qian)(qian)部，提供了(le)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)冰(bing)雪穩定性，但前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)要承(cheng)受75%的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)動(dong)，而且在(zai)急加速(su)(su)時車身重(zhong)心后移(yi)，就(jiu)會(hui)造(zao)成加速(su)(su)延(yan)遲，在(zai)操控(kong)上也存在(zai)著轉向過度和(he)后輪(lun)(lun)(lun)打滑(hua)現象(xiang)。

全(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)分(fen)兩(liang)種(zhong)形(xing)式：一種(zhong)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)時(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，即(ji)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部時(shi)間都(dou)是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；另(ling)一種(zhong)是(shi)短時(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，它(ta)可(ke)以切斷某個橋的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，以減少燃料消耗和磨(mo)損，只在(zai)需要時(shi)再使(shi)用全(quan)(quan)(quan)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。過去只有(you)越野車(che)(che)采用4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，一般的(de)越野車(che)(che)，變(bian)速器(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)面裝(zhuang)有(you)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)離器(qi)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車(che)(che)軸各裝(zhuang)一個稱為驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋的(de)部件(jian)。變(bian)速器(qi)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)扭(niu)矩(ju)通(tong)過分(fen)力器(qi)和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸，分(fen)別傳遞到(dao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)車(che)(che)軸上的(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋，再通(tong)過驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)橋將扭(niu)矩(ju)傳遞到(dao)輪(lun)(lun)子上。現在(zai)轎車(che)(che)的(de)馬力都(dou)比(bi)較(jiao)大(da)，加速時(shi)重(zhong)心后(hou)(hou)(hou)移(yi)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)車(che)(che)重(zhong)量就會向后(hou)(hou)(hou)軸移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，造成(cheng)前(qian)(qian)(qian)軸輕飄。前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)轎車(che)(che)即(ji)使(shi)在(zai)良(liang)好的(de)路(lu)面上也(ye)會打滑，4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)就可(ke)以防止這種(zhong)現象發生。轎車(che)(che)上的(de)4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置是(shi)常嚙合(he)式，增加了(le)粘性耦合(he)器(qi)，省去了(le)手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)力器(qi)，自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)將扭(niu)矩(ju)按需分(fen)配在(zai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)子上。在(zai)正常路(lu)面上，4輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置將引擎輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)矩(ju)的(de)92%分(fen)配到(dao)前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)，8%分(fen)配到(dao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)；在(zai)滑溜的(de)路(lu)面上，將至少40%的(de)引擎機輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)矩(ju)分(fen)配給后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)；當前(qian)(qian)(qian)輪(lun)(lun)開始打滑時(shi)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)轉(zhuan)速差(cha)異(yi)(yi)會使(shi)耦合(he)器(qi)中的(de)粘液立(li)即(ji)變(bian)稠(chou)并鎖住(zhu)耦合(he)器(qi)，從(cong)而使(shi)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸只將扭(niu)矩(ju)傳遞至后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)，待前(qian)(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)轉(zhuan)速差(cha)異(yi)(yi)消失就自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回復原有(you)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形(xing)式。

輪體、支(zhi)(zhi)重輪軸、軸套、密(mi)封圈、端蓋等(deng)相關部件(jian)構成。支(zhi)(zhi)重輪可(ke)分為(wei)單邊(bian)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪與(yu)雙(shuang)邊(bian)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪；挖掘(jue)機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪與(yu)推土機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪，挖掘(jue)機(ji)用(yong)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪一般(ban)是黑色(se)油漆，推土機(ji)支(zhi)(zhi)重輪一般(ban)是黃色(se)油漆

支(zhi)重(zhong)輪輪體材料一般(ban)50Mn、40Mn2、等(deng)材料，主要工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)鑄造(zao)或鍛造(zao)，機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，然后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)，輪子(zi)表(biao)面淬火后(hou)的硬度要達(da)到HRC45~52，以(yi)增加(jia)輪子(zi)表(biao)面的耐磨性(xing)。支(zhi)重(zhong)輪軸的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度要求比較高，一般(ban)是需(xu)要數控機床進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)才能(neng)達(da)到要求。材料以(yi)40Mn2較多，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou)也(ye)要進(jin)行(xing)淬火熱(re)處(chu)理(li)，硬度達(da)到HRC42左(zuo)右